There are 4 primary(prenominal) theories, used when discussing piety they are:
Ø Marxism
Ø Functionalism
Ø Feminism
Ø Postmodernism
Marxism
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Marx argued that worships primary control is to maintain reproduce
and legitimate class inequalities. He argues that religion is an
ideological apparatus, which serves to reflect ruling class interests
and ideas
Marx said that religion is the sigh of the oppressed creature… it is
the opium of the people
He argued that religion dulls the bruise of oppression by:
 Promising a paradise of unremitting bliss in the after life
 By much making poverty tolerable by offering paradise as a reward for
theyre distraint
 By plentiful the hope of supernatural intervention to solve the worlds
problems
 Justifies social say/hierarchies- by saying that poverty is
divinely ordained as a punishment for sin
Marxists would argue that religion does completely of these things to help
reinforce ruling class values and act those in poverty/working class
not foreland their position therefore not disturbing the ruling class
position, by making them believe that either they will be rewarded for
their suffering or it is deserved.
They withal argue that religion is a appliance for social control- (as
does functionalism), religion maintains the existing system of
exploitation, and reinforces class relationships and inequalities, by
doing the things mentioned above.
Religion in any case diverts peoples attention away from the real bloodline of
oppression-the ruling class, creating a false class-consciousness.
This social control is also achieved because the ruling class adopts
traditional religious beliefs these beliefs legitimate and free
theyre social position e.g. monarchs ordained by god.
There is also a close relationship between religion and authorities e.g.
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