Headache that lasts 4 to 72 h, is throbbing, is moderate to severe in intensity, is unilateral, becomes worse with exertion, and is associated with nausea, vomiting, or sensitivity to light, sound, or smell.
Only ternary or four of the above criteria must be inaugurate for accurate diagnosis.
About 24 million Americans have migraines. Migraines whitethorn occur at any age besides normally begin between ages 10 and 40, more often in women than in men. Headaches often partially or completely elude after age 50. More than 50% of patients have a family history of migraine.
Etiology and Pathophysiology
The cause is unknown, and the pathophysiology is not liberaly understood. Changes in brain and scalp arterial squanderer flow occur, but whether vasodilation and vasoconstriction are a cause or an effect of the migraine is unclear. Cortical spreading depression (fundamental changes in the brain cerebral cortex in which a crest of hyperpolarization is followed by depolarization) may dumbfound neurogenic inflammation, with vasodilation, activated WBCs and permeable capillaries. The inflammation leads to irritation of perivascular trigeminal nerve sensory fibers. A cascade of events follows, causing changes in blood flow and the severe headache. Intracranial vascular malformations are a rare cause of migraine-like headaches.
(See Figure: Phasic Progression of Migraine Headache.)
The apparatus for migraines is not well defined, but several triggers are recognized. pass estrogen, a significant trigger, may explain why on that point are three times as many women with migraines as men. Evidence of estrogens role as a trigger includes the next: During puberty, migraine becomes much more prevalent in females than in males; migraines are particularly difficult to control in the premenopausal period; and oral contraceptives and estrogen replacement therapy often slang migraine worse. Other triggers include insomnia, barometric pressure change, and hunger. The experience of diet and migraine is...If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: Orderessay
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